present perfect tense

2.       Present Perfect Tense

Rumus:

S + have/has + V3

Present perfect tense adalah tenses yang menunjukkan suatu pekerjaan, perbuatan, ataupun peristiwa yang SUDAH SELESAI dilakukan JIKA disertai KETERANGAN WAKTU yang tidak jelas kapan terjadinya.

Contoh:

(+)          I  have gone to school recently.

(-)           I have not gone to school recently.

(?)           Have I gone to school recently?

Yes, you have.

No, you have not.

(+)          You have gone to school recently.

(-)           You haven’t gone to school recently.

(?)           Have you gone to schoolrecently?

Yes, I have.

No, I have not.

(+)          We have gone to school recently.

(-)           We haven’t gone to school recently.

(?)           Have we gone to school recently?

Yes, we have.

No, we haven’t

(+)          They have gone to school recently.

(-)           They haven’t gone to school recently.

(?)           Have they gone to schoolrecently?

Yes, they have.

No, they haven’t.

(+)          She has gone to school recently.

(-)           She has not gone to school recently.

(?)           Has she gone to school recently?

Yes, she has.

No, she hasn’t.

(+)          He has gone to school recently.

(-)           He hasn’t gone to school recently.

(?)           Has he gone to school recently?

Yes, he has.

No, he hasn’t

(+)          It has climbed recently.

(-)           it hasn’t climbed recently.

(?)           Has it climbed recently?

Yes, it has.

No, it has not.

Present perfect tense digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang SUDAH SELESAI tanpa KETERANGAN WAKTU, seperti:

I have eaten.

Saya telah (selesai) makan.

Present perfect tense digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang SUDAH DIMULAI DI WAKTU LAMPAU dan dilanjutkan hingga SEKARANG jika disertai KETERANGAN WAKTU YANG TIDAK JELAS KAPAN BERAKHIRNYA, seperti:

I have lived in Dago since 2008.

Saya telah tinggal di Dago sejak tahun 2008. (SAMPAI SEKARANG MASIH DI DAGO)

Present perfect tense digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang SUDAH DIMULAI PADA WAKTU LAMPAU dan baru saja BERAKHIR PADA SAAT BERBICARA, seperti:

We have waited for you since five o’clock.

Kami telah menunggumu sejak pukul lima. (SEKARANG SUDAH TIDAK MENUNGGU)

Kata keterangan waktu (time signal)

Just                                 =              baru saja

already                           =              sudah

once                               =              satu kali

twice                              =              dua kali

three times                   =              tiga kali

several times                =              beberapa kali

many times                  =              banyak sekali, selalu

this week                      =              minggu ini

ever                              =              pernah

never                              =              tidak pernah

not yet                           =              belum

since                              =              sejak

for a month                  =              selama sebulan